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THE WATER EFFICIENCY OF RETROFIT DUAL‐FLUSH TOILETS: EXPERIENCE FROM SOUTHERN ENGLAND
Author(s) -
Keating T.,
Howarth D.
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
water and environment journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.437
H-Index - 37
eISSN - 1747-6593
pISSN - 1747-6585
DOI - 10.1111/j.1747-6593.2003.tb00449.x
Subject(s) - toilet , flushing , water efficiency , environmental science , water consumption , water supply , water conservation , consumption (sociology) , water resources , water resource management , resource (disambiguation) , environmental engineering , business , environmental economics , economics , computer science , medicine , ecology , social science , sociology , biology , endocrinology , computer network
In Water Resources Plan submissions to the Environment Agency in 1999, water companies predicted increases in demand over the next twenty‐five years. With significant environmental and economic constraints on new resource developments, attention has focused upon the potential savings that water‐efficiency measures can achieve. The use of water for toilet flushing accounts for about 30% of household consumption, thereby offering considerable potential for water saving. The conversion of existing single‐flush siphonic cisterns to dual‐flush operation could be one method of achieving a desired reduction in water use, in accordance with the ‘twin‐track’ approach to balancing supply and demand. This small study, which was jointly funded by Southern Water and the Environment Agency, sought to measure the effectiveness of dual‐flush toilets in reducing water consumption through an eight‐month study of five retrofit devices which were installed in thirty‐three unmetered domestic properties in West Sussex.