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The Application of Water‐Quality Standards to UK Bathing Waters
Author(s) -
KAY D.,
WYER M.,
McDONALD A.,
WOODS N.
Publication year - 1990
Publication title -
water and environment journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.437
H-Index - 37
eISSN - 1747-6593
pISSN - 1747-6585
DOI - 10.1111/j.1747-6593.1990.tb01451.x
Subject(s) - bathing , directive , european union , water quality , agency (philosophy) , environmental science , water framework directive , environmental protection , european community , member states , business , environmental planning , geography , ecology , biology , philosophy , archaeology , epistemology , computer science , international trade , economic policy , programming language
Data for 425 sampling locations in England and Wales, covering the 1987 bathing season, were analysed against a range of six water‐quality standards used by European and North American agencies. The following order of relative stringency was established: EEC guide level > US Environmental Protection Agency† > Toronto†> Canadian Federal† > Modified EEC standard > EEC imperative level†. All European Community (EC) countries, at present abiding by the‘imperative’bacteriological standards of the bathing waters Directive, would experience a significant increase in non‐compliance for the faecal coliform parameter if standards were altered from the current EEC imperative criteria to any of the existing alternative beach management standards.