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Nickel and Chromium in Ground Water Samples as Influenced by Well Construction and Sampling Methods
Author(s) -
Oakley D.,
Korte N.E.
Publication year - 1996
Publication title -
groundwater monitoring and remediation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.677
H-Index - 47
eISSN - 1745-6592
pISSN - 1069-3629
DOI - 10.1111/j.1745-6592.1996.tb00575.x
Subject(s) - chromium , nickel , sampling (signal processing) , environmental science , groundwater , metallurgy , environmental chemistry , materials science , chemistry , geology , engineering , geotechnical engineering , telecommunications , detector
An investigation of elevated concentrations of nickel and chromium in certain ground water samples collected at Williams Air Force Base (AFB) indicated that type 304 stainless steel well materials are the source. Chloride in the ground water has apparently caused crevice corrosion of the stainless steel well screens installed during site characterization. An evaluation of site geochemistry suggested that chromium released from the well screen would precipitate, while nickel would remain dissolved. Thus, low‐flow purging and sampling significantly reduces the chromium found in the ground water samples because such sampling minimizes the collection of artificially entrained particulates. In contrast to chromium, nickel concentrations did not decrease during low‐flow purging and sampling, indicating that it is dissolved. Nickel and chromium concentrations are both low following high‐volume purging when turbidity levels are stabilized below 10 nephelometric turbidity units prior to sampling. In the latter case, chromium concentration is low because particulate collection is minimized, and nickel concentration is low because of increased dilution. Based on these results, it is recommended that elevated levels of nickel and chromium in ground water samples collected from stainless steel monitoring wells be carefully evaluated, because well materials may be the source. In addition, although low‐volume purging is increasingly becoming the sampling method of choice, high‐volume purging may be a useful means of determining whether the well materials influence nickel and chromium concentrations.