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Noninstrumental Factors Affecting Measurement of Static Water Levels in Deeply Buried Aquifers and Aquitards, Nevada Test Site a
Author(s) -
Winograd Isaac J.
Publication year - 1970
Publication title -
groundwater
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.84
H-Index - 94
eISSN - 1745-6584
pISSN - 0017-467X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1970.tb01675.x
Subject(s) - aquifer , geology , hydraulic head , drilling , drill , head (geology) , instrumentation (computer programming) , geotechnical engineering , water level , petroleum engineering , groundwater , geomorphology , engineering , mechanical engineering , computer science , operating system , cartography , geography
Accurate measurement of static water levels in wells tapping deeply buried aquifers and aquitards at the Nevada Test Site requires evaluation of and correction for several factors exclusive of instrumentation. Both the drilling method used and the depth of the hole at the time of measurement significantly affect determination of the static water level for the aquitards, and frequently these factors preclude head determination in an economically justifiable time. Density of fluid in the drill stem and hole deviation affect the determination of accurate static water levels for the aquifers. In the principal aquifers, in which hydraulic gradients are as low as 0.5 foot per mile, direct measurement of depth to water is preferable to pressure‐gage measurements at the aquifer face. Case histories and graphs are presented to illustrate the magnitude of errors that can result when these factors are disregarded.