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VALUE‐ADDED PROCESSING OF PEANUT MEAL: ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS TO IMPROVE FUNCTIONAL AND NUTRITIONAL PROPERTIES OF WATER SOLUBLE EXTRACTS
Author(s) -
KANE LAUREN E.,
DAVIS JACK P.,
OAKES AARON J.,
DEAN LISA L.,
SANDERS TIMOTHY H.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
journal of food biochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.507
H-Index - 47
eISSN - 1745-4514
pISSN - 0145-8884
DOI - 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2011.00566.x
Subject(s) - chemistry , hydrolysate , hydrolysis , food science , peanut oil , protease , aflatoxin , chromatography , enzymatic hydrolysis , proteolytic enzymes , biochemistry , enzyme , organic chemistry , raw material
Value‐added applications are needed for peanut meal, which is the high‐protein by‐product of commercial peanut oil production. Peanut meal dispersions were hydrolyzed with alcalase, flavourzyme and pepsin in an effort to improve functional and nutritional properties of the resulting water soluble extracts. Degree of hydrolysis (DH) ranged from 20 to 60% for alcalase, 10 to 20% for pepsin and 10 to 70% for flavourzyme from 3 to 240 min. Low molecular weight peptides (<14 kDa) and unique banding patterns reflected the different proteolytic activities of each enzyme as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Total soluble solids and soluble nitrogen increased a minimum of 30 and 110%, respectively, for all hydrolysates after 4‐h hydrolysis. Differences in air/water adsorption responses of hydrolysates were a function of protease specificity. Antioxidant capacities of all hydrolysates were greater than unhydrolyzed controls and correlated linearly ( R 2 = 0.87) with DH, whereas antioxidant capacities of hydrolysates were minimally dependent on bicinchoninic acid protein solubility or relative amino acid distribution. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Peanut meal is the high‐protein by‐product of commercial peanut oil production. While an excellent source of protein, aflatoxin contamination currently limits applications of peanut meal to feed markets. Recently described efforts to sequester aflatoxin from peanut meal during processing have proven successful, potentially allowing for processing of this material into value‐added components including aflatoxin‐free protein/peptide concentrates. Accordingly, the current manuscript focuses on the potential for enzymatic hydrolysis (three different proteases are compared) to improve functional and nutritional properties of peanut meal during processing. Enzymatic hydrolysis substantially increases solubility and antioxidant capacities of peanut meal hydrolysates. A potential mechanism for increased antioxidant capacity with increasing hydrolysis is discussed. These and other chemical/functional data within the manuscript directly apply to strategies for value‐added processing of peanut meal.