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INFLUENCE OF VARIETAL AND pH VARIATION ON ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIA AND ANTIHYPERTENSION PROPERTIES OF LONG‐TERM STORED APPLES USING IN VITRO ASSAY MODELS
Author(s) -
BARBOSA ANA CRISTINA LOPES,
PINTO MARCIA DA SILVA,
SARKAR DIPAYAN,
ANKOLEKAR CHANDRAKANT,
GREENE DUANE,
SHETTY KALIDAS
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
journal of food biochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.507
H-Index - 47
eISSN - 1745-4514
pISSN - 0145-8884
DOI - 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2011.00554.x
Subject(s) - cultivar , chlorogenic acid , chemistry , food science , catechin , starch , alpha glucosidase , nutraceutical , sugar , antioxidant , alpha amylase , pulp (tooth) , biochemistry , polyphenol , amylase , biology , horticulture , enzyme , medicine , pathology
This study provides further in vitro evidence for inhibition by apple extracts of alpha‐glucosidase and alpha‐amylase for potential antihyperglycemia benefits and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity for associated antihypertension potential. This was investigated in peel and pulp aqueous and ethanol extracts from 10 different long‐term stored apple cultivars. “Red Delicious” and “Cortland” cultivars had significantly higher total phenolic content and inhibitory antioxidant capacity, with high correlation between both assays. Quercetin derivatives, catechin, chlorogenic acid and p ‐coumaric acid were detected, and the composition and amount varied significantly between aqueous and ethanolic extracts. Red Delicious cultivar had high alpha‐amylase and alpha‐glucosidase inhibitory activities. These phenolic‐linked bioactive potential of apple cultivars indicate that they may impart health benefits when consumed even after long‐term storage and should be considered as valuable source of antioxidants with additional antihyperglycemia potential relevant for the management of early‐stage type 2 diabetes following further clinical studies. PRACTICAL APPLICATION This study explored the potential health benefits of phenolic‐linked antioxidants from long‐term stored apple cultivars and evaluated the association to potential prevention of postprandial hyperglycemia linked to type 2 diabetes using in vitro bioassay models. It was confirmed that the apple cultivar “Red Delicious” and other cultivars commonly consumed in the U.S.A. have relevance for hyperglycemia management, and apples can be included as part of the overall diet in an environment where starch and sugar consumption is increasingly high. This in vitro biochemical rationale from this study provides further phenolic bioactive‐linked, structure–function basis for additional animal and clinical studies to rationalize effective designs of whole foods, fruits and vegetables for long‐term diet‐based management of type 2 diabetes.