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Various infection status and molecular evidence for horizontal transmission and recombination of Wolbachia and Cardinium among rice planthoppers and related species
Author(s) -
Zhang KaiJun,
Han Xiao,
Hong XiaoYue
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
insect science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.991
H-Index - 45
eISSN - 1744-7917
pISSN - 1672-9609
DOI - 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2012.01537.x
Subject(s) - wolbachia , biology , leafhopper , horizontal transmission , phylogenetic tree , multilocus sequence typing , genetics , host (biology) , cytoplasmic incompatibility , botany , gene , genotype , virus , hemiptera
Wolbachia and Cardinium are widely distributed and are considered important for their ability to disturb reproduction and affect other fitness‐related traits of their hosts. By using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) and 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequencing methods, we extensively surveyed Wolbachia and Cardinium infection status of four predominant rice planthoppers and one kind of leafhopper in different rice fields. The results demonstrated that Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) and Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) were infected with the same Wolbachia strain ( w Stri), while Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and its closely related species Nilaparvata muiri China were infected with two phylogeneticlly distant strains, w Lug and w Mui, respectively. Three new Wolbachia strains (provisionally named w Mfas1, w Mfas2 and w Mfas3) were detected in the leafhopper Macrosteles fascifrons (Stål). Only S. furcifera was co‐infected with Cardinium , which indicated that the distribution of Cardinium in these rice planthoppers was narrower than that of Wolbachia . Unambiguous intragenic recombination events among these Wolbachia strains and incongruent phylogenetic relationships show that the connections between different Wolbachia strains and hosts were more complex than we expected. These results suggest that horizontal transmission and host associated specialization are two factors affecting Wolbachia and Cardinium infections among planthoppers and their related species.