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Venom gland of the ichneumonid Diadromus collaris : morphology, ultrastructure and age‐related changes
Author(s) -
LI WEIDI,
YU RUIXIAN,
CHEN XUEXIN,
HE JUNHUA
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
insect science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.991
H-Index - 45
eISSN - 1744-7917
pISSN - 1672-9609
DOI - 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2006.00076.x
Subject(s) - biology , ichneumonidae , plutellidae , venom , endoplasmic reticulum , parasitoid , ultrastructure , secretion , plutella , golgi apparatus , hymenoptera , cuticle (hair) , zoology , lepidoptera genitalia , anatomy , microbiology and biotechnology , botany , endocrinology , ecology , diamondback moth
Females of the solitary parasitoid Diadromus collaris (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) lay eggs in the pupae of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), and the venom is synchronously injected into hosts. The venom apparatus consists of two glandular tubules terminating in a common reservoir. A ductule connects the reservoir with the sting apparatus, by which the reservoir content enters the latter. Secretory units line the two glandular tubules. All secretory cells belong to dermal gland type III. Dermal gland cells in glandular tubules are more abundant and developed than those in the reservoir. There are extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum and electrondense vesicles, and the microvilli are well developed. By the cuticle‐lined central funnel secretion products of secretory units reach the reservoir. Moreover, the secretory apparatus undergoes age‐related changes. The secretory units in the venom gland are better developed and more vigorous 7 days after eclosion than those 1 day after eclosion; autolytic processes occur 15 days after eclosion, and the tissue of the reservoir is more prostrate 15 day after eclosion than those 1 day after eclosion. The ovipostion peak of this parasitoid, about 3–7 days after eclosion, corresponds with the period when the venom gland is highly developed in the life span of the wasp.