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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A FLOWER GALL MIDGE PSEUDAS‐PHONDYLIA SP. (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) AND ITS HOST PLANT ACTINIDIA VALVATA *
Author(s) -
Liu Zhiwei,
Larsson Stig
Publication year - 1996
Publication title -
insect science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.991
H-Index - 45
eISSN - 1744-7917
pISSN - 1672-9609
DOI - 10.1111/j.1744-7917.1996.tb00276.x
Subject(s) - gall , biology , cecidomyiidae , midge , botany , host (biology) , insect , ecology
Kiwifruit plants, Actinidia sp., are native to subtropical China. The flower‐bud gall of A. valvata , which is induced by an undescribed gall midge in the genus Pseud as phond ylia , is valued by the pharmaceutical industry. When studying the biology of the Actinid ia/Pseud as phond ylia interaction in Central‐south China we found evidence suggesting that under certain circumstances the gall insect modifies the reproductive mode of the dioecious host plant. Surveys and field experiments in the National Hupingshan Natural Reserve showed a high frequency of galled trees. The density of galled trees varied among valleys and among trees within the valleys. In two valleys, 92% and 75%, respectively, of all trees were attacked, while in a third valley no trees were attacked. When infested, staminate tree only produced galls, whereas pistillate plants produced normal fruits as well as galls. Gall shape differed between male and female trees. Trees with galls tended to produce more fruits than treea without galls. We speculate that this is one of a few documented examples of an insect that induces androdioecy in an otherwise functionally dioecious plant.