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Reproductive Ecology of Rhynchanthus beesianus W. W. Smith (Zingiberaceae) in South Yunnan, China: A Ginger with Bird Pollination Syndrome
Author(s) -
Gao JiangYun,
Yang ZiHui,
Ren PanYu,
Li QingJun
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
journal of integrative plant biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.734
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1744-7909
pISSN - 1672-9072
DOI - 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2006.00359.x
Subject(s) - pollination , pollinator , biology , anemophily , phenology , botany , zoophily , hand pollination , ecology , pollen
Rhynchanthus beesianus W. W. Smith (Zingiberaceae) is an epiphytic tropical ginger with a very conspicuous floral display, but almost no fruit set under field conditions. The reproductive ecology encompassing phenology, floral biology, and pollination and breeding systems was investigated in an evergreen broad‐leaved forest in Yunnan Province, Southwest China. The flowers possess a typical bird pollination syndrome, but no effective pollinators were observed during 138 h of observation. Female Black‐breasted Sunbird ( Aethopyga saturata ) and bumblebees visited R. beesianus regularly, but they all played roles as nectar robbers. No fruit was found in the bagging treatment, and fruit set following manual self‐pollination ((57.55 ± 4.08)%) was comparable with cross‐pollination ((64.32 ± 4.42)%), suggesting that R. beesianus is self‐compatible but spontaneous self‐pollination in this species does not occur. Seed set of open‐pollination ((26.42 ± 3.11)%) was significantly lower than manual self‐pollination ((73.41 ± 4.16)%) and cross‐pollination ((75.56 ± 4.52)%), confirming that R. beesianus was dependent on animals for fertilization and suffered a serious pollinator‐limitation. (Managing editor: Wei Wang)