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Phase Relations in the Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 –Li 3 x La (2/3)− x □ (1/3)−2 x TiO 3 System
Author(s) -
Spreitzer Matjaž,
Jančar Boštjan,
Suvorov Danilo
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
international journal of applied ceramic technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.4
H-Index - 57
eISSN - 1744-7402
pISSN - 1546-542X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2008.02276.x
Subject(s) - materials science , homogeneity (statistics) , perovskite (structure) , solid solution , crystallography , scanning electron microscope , analytical chemistry (journal) , atmospheric temperature range , diffraction , powder diffraction , thermal decomposition , x ray crystallography , chemistry , thermodynamics , physics , metallurgy , optics , statistics , mathematics , organic chemistry , composite material , chromatography
The phase relations and the mechanism of solid‐state synthesis for the Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 –Li 3 x La (2/3)− x □ (1/3)−2 x TiO 3 system were investigated using X‐ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermal analysis. The study revealed that the extent of the homogeneity range—which is related to the A‐site substitution between (Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 ) 2+ and (Li 3 x La (2/3)− x □ (1/3)−2 x ) 2+ pseudo cations of a perovskite structure—depends strongly on the ordering of the (Li 3 x La (2/3)− x □ (1/3)−2 x ) 2+ species. The solid‐state reaction of the compounds in the homogeneity range is completed only after multiple high‐temperature firings. However, the system is also subjected to a slow thermal decomposition; this is particularly so for the compounds with a high × value and an increased Li 3 x La (2/3)− x □ (1/3)−2 x TiO 3 concentration.