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The transmission of European wheat striate mosaic virus by Javesella pellucida (Fabr.) injected with extracts of plants and plant‐hoppers
Author(s) -
SERJEANT E. P.
Publication year - 1967
Publication title -
annals of applied biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.677
H-Index - 80
eISSN - 1744-7348
pISSN - 0003-4746
DOI - 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1967.tb04415.x
Subject(s) - biology , virus , infectivity , ascorbic acid , nymph , sucrose , tobacco mosaic virus , botany , horticulture , virology , food science
SUMMARY Virus‐free individuals of the plant‐hopper Javesella pellucida (Fabr.) infected plants with European wheat striate mosaic virus (EWSMV) after being injected at 5° C. with extracts of either plants or hoppers, but extracts of hoppers provided a better inoculum. Hoppers were unable to infect plants until at least 8 days at 20–25° C. after they were injected, and nymphs fed on infected plants similarly required 8 days before they gave infective extracts. Few hoppers survived more than a week after injection with untreated extracts of hoppers or with material sedimented from them by centrifuging the extracts at 8000 g , but 60–70% survived injection with purer virus preparations. Injection of the virus seemed harmless, because as many hoppers survived CO 2 anaesthesis + injection, whether or not they later infected plants, as survived anaesthesis without injection. Attempts to determine the properties of the virus in vitro gave inconsistent results, but virus from hoppers was still infective after 10 min. at 30° C, 36 hr. at 5° C, precipitation at pH 4.0, storage for several months at ‐15° C, or at a dilution equivalent to 0.0014 g. hopper/ml. The best extraction medium contained 0.2 M‐Na 2 HPO 4 + ascorbic acid + 0.01 M‐DIECA at pH 7.0–7.3. In sucrose density‐gradients, EWSMV sedimented more slowly than tobacco mosaic virus. No specific particle with which infectivity could be correlated was seen by electron microscopy.