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Field tests of experimental and commercial soil sterilants against the potato‐root eel worm, Heterodera rostochiensis Woll
Author(s) -
PEACHEY J. E.,
RAO G. N.,
CHAPMAN MARGARET R.
Publication year - 1963
Publication title -
annals of applied biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.677
H-Index - 80
eISSN - 1744-7348
pISSN - 0003-4746
DOI - 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1963.tb03724.x
Subject(s) - loam , biology , fumigation , sowing , heterodera , agronomy , horticulture , bromide , allyl isothiocyanate , population , soil water , nematode , chemistry , ecology , biochemistry , demography , organic chemistry , sociology
SUMMARY Five experiments were made on sandy loam containing 12% clay, infested with potato‐root eelworm. Methyl bromide at 89 g./10 sq.ft. killed most eelworms, induced most increase of ammonia‐nitrogen and gave the largest yield of ware potatoes. Metham‐sodium diluted and mixed into the soil at normal dose (35 ml. active material/10 sq.ft.) and half dose, dazomet at 29 g. active material/10 sq.ft. mixed into the soil and methyl isothiocyanate injected at 23 ml. active material/10 sq.ft. were more effective than injected metham‐sodium or D‐D, except when D‐D was applied at 70 ml./10 sq.ft. to soil at 20° C. Methyl bromide, metham‐sodium, dazomet and methyl isothiocyanate controlled weeds in the weeks immediately following treatment. Assays of live eggs, hatched larvae, larvae in roots or cysts formed on the root‐mat of potato indicator plants and counts of nematodes free in the soil all selected the same treatment as the most effective. More new cysts formed in the treated plots than in untreated controls because intensive eelworm attack in untreated plots limited root growth and prevented larvae developing into cysts. To produce a good yield of ware potatoes it was necessary to reduce the eelworm population by 90%. None of the commercial treatments damaged the haulms or tainted the tubers, though spring treatment 7 weeks before planting may have depressed yields slightly. Of many experimental compounds tested, only 1,2,3,‐tribromopropane and chloro‐bromopropene (CBP‐55) were promising.