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THE LIFE HISTORY AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TYPHULA GYRANS (BATSCH) FRIES
Author(s) -
MACDONALD J. A.
Publication year - 1934
Publication title -
annals of applied biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.677
H-Index - 80
eISSN - 1744-7348
pISSN - 0003-4746
DOI - 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1934.tb07463.x
Subject(s) - sclerotium , biology , mycelium , botany , hypha , fungus
Summary. A description is given of the life history and cultural characteristics of Typhula gyrans (Batsch) Fries. The parasitism of the fungus was investigated. Infection experiments yielded entirely negative results. The fungus forms resting sclerotia. The mycelium is either pure white and rapidly growing or, under adverse conditions, dark brown and slow‐growing. The sporophore consists typically of a stalk and club‐shaped head. The hymenium is borne all over the surface of the head. The sporophore usually arises from a sclerotium. The mycelium contains numerous clamp connections. Their function is doubtful. The development of the sclerotium is traced with special reference to the limiting layer. The sequence of nuclear changes in the basidium is suggested. Various abnormal forms, intermediate in construction between sclerotium and sporophore, are described. It is suggested that a consideration of these, together with the resemblance in structure between normal sporophore and normal sclerotium, proves these latter to be fundamentally the same. The proportion of each formed at any time is governed by external conditions. The fungus is heterothallic. Monospore strains fail to produce clamp connections, sclerotia, or sporophores. When monospore cultures are grown in pairs, in some cases mixing and fusion of the hyphae take place, with subsequent production of clamps, sclerotia, and sporophores; in others no fusions take place.