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THE PINEAPPLE BUD MOTHS IN HAWAII
Author(s) -
HERFORD G. V. B.
Publication year - 1934
Publication title -
annals of applied biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.677
H-Index - 80
eISSN - 1744-7348
pISSN - 0003-4746
DOI - 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1934.tb06694.x
Subject(s) - biology , predation , parasitism , larva , ecology , biological pest control , zoology , host (biology)
Summary1 The two most important species of bud moth, in Oahu are Pyro‐derces rileyi Wlsm. and Ereunetis flavistriata Wlsm. 2 Both species are evenly distributed over the island, the latter being the more common. 3 They are most numerous in old ratoon fields, where they feed on dead plant tissue. They are also often found on young fruits, where, contrary to certain claims, they appear to do very little damage. 4 Methods of distribution are discussed; wind is probably the most important factor. 5 Although often found with mealy bugs, neither species appears to be predacious. 6 Except when disturbed, the larvae are not molested by ants, but when unfavourable circumstances cause them to wander, large numbers may be killed in this way. 7 Parasitism is very low. Only two parasites have been reared from several hundred larvae. Predators, principally Sphecoid wasps, carry off many larvae, but being unable to reach the majority are relatively ineffective as a means of control. 8 Apart from the regular spraying for control of mealy bugs and the knocking down of old ratoon fields, no specific control measures are practised against bud moths, and any further effort would appear to be unwarranted.