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STUDIES ON CONTACT INSECTICIDES: PART III. A QUANTITATIVE EXAMINATION OF THE INSECTICIDAL ACTION OF TKE CHLOR‐, NITRO‐ AND HYDROXYL DERIVATIVES OF BENZENE AND NAPHTHALENE
Author(s) -
TATTERSFIELD F.,
GIMINGHAM C. T.,
MORRIS H. M.
Publication year - 1925
Publication title -
annals of applied biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.677
H-Index - 80
eISSN - 1744-7348
pISSN - 0003-4746
DOI - 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1925.tb02265.x
Subject(s) - benzene , phenol , nitro , naphthalene , chemistry , toluene , medicinal chemistry , cresol , organic chemistry , phenols , alkyl
SUMMARY. 1. The toxicities of a number of chlor‐, nitro‐ and hydroxyl‐derivatives of aromatic hydrocarbons to Aphis rumicis L. (adults) and to Selenia tetralunaria Hufn. (eggs) have been determined. 2. The order of toxicity to the aphides of the hydrocarbons and their chlor‐ and nitro‐derivatives is benzene < toluene < sylene < monochlor‐benzene < p‐dichlor‐benzene < o‐dichlor‐benzene < trichlor‐benzene < nitro‐benzene < m‐dinitro‐henzene. The mono‐chlor‐nitro‐benzenes have about the same toxicity as nitro‐benzene; l‐chlor‐2: 4–dinitro‐benzene is slightly less toxic than m‐dinitro‐benzene. 3. Phenol and the three isomeric cresols are toxic to aphides only at high concentrations. The mono‐nitro‐phenols and cresols are all mare toxic than the parent substances, the order of toxicity of the phenol being o‐nitro‐phenol < m‐nitro‐phenol and p‐nitro‐phenol < 2: 4–dinitro‐phenol > trinitro‐phenol; and the same order applies to the cresols and their corresponding derivatives. 4. α‐chlor‐naphthalene proved to be the most toxic of the naphthalene‐derivatives tested. 5. With few exceptions, the relative toxicities of the various compounds to the insect eggs are approximately in the same order as to the aphides. The nitro‐derivatives of phenol and the cresols were specially studied and it was shown that, as in the case of aphides, the dinitro‐compounds are more toxic to eggs than either the mono‐ or the tri‐nitrocompounds. 6. 3:5–dinitro‐o‐cresol is shown to have a toxicity both to adults of Aphis rumicis and to eggs of Selenia tetralunaria which is of the same order as that of nicotine. 7. Some of the compounds tested may prove to be of value as winter spray fluids for trees in a dormant condition although injurious to foliage, and experiments on a practical scale are in hand. 8. A consideration of the results as a whole leads to the conclusion that no simple generalisation as to the correlation of toxicity with any one chemical or physical property is possible in the present stage of our knowledge. It is probable that the nature of the toxic activity depends on chemical constitution whereas intensity of activity is determined by one or more physical properties.