CWMERELLA CINGULATA (STONEMAN) SPAULD. AND V. SCH. AND ITS CONIDIAL FORMS, GLŒO‐SPORIUM PIPERATUM E. AND E. AND COLLETO‐TRICHUM NIGRUM E. AND HALS., ON CHILLIES AND CARICA PAPAYA.

SUMMARY. Glœosporium piperatum E. and E. and Colletotrichum nigrum E. and Hals. are not known to be destructive to chillies in India but they cause much loss of fruit in Burma. These fungi are considered to be identical and to be the conidial forms of Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. and v. Sch., which is shown to be synonymous with Gnomoniopsis ( Glomerella ) piperata Stoneman, the ascogenous stage of G. piperatum E. and E., according to Miss Stoneman. The perithecia‐producing faculty does not depend on the nutrient medium on which the fungus is grown but depends on the race or strain. This faculty is not a fixed hereditary character but is lost by cultivating successive generations on the same medium at room temperature. There is a great deal of variation in the size and hairiness of the neck of the perithecium and in the size and shape of asci, and therefore cultural characteristics cannot be much relied upon for determining the species. The perithecia are aparaphysate. The ascospores are hyaline, unicellular and slightly curved, but in old perithecia they are found to be septate and their walls coloured brown. In cultures the presence of setae is not a constant character. In cultures of the perithecial strain there are very often sudden variations in the characters of the growth of the fungus. It is doubtful if inoculation experiments are of much value in establishing the relationship of the Glomerella on chillies with the other species of this genus or in finding its range of hosts, as the success of inoculation depends on several factors all of which may not be controllable. Inoculations on chillies, Carica papaya , and other plants have been described. A new disease of Carica papaya is described. It is caused by the conidial forms of a Glomerella , which is identical with that on chillies in both morphological and cultural characteristics. The disease is found on flowers, young fruits and fruit stalks. Diseased flower‐buds do not open but fall off. If the infection takes place when the flower whorls have opened they turn brown and wither. The most critical period when the fruits get infected is when they are newly set. Older fruits also at times get diseased. Newly set and young fruits get the infection through their stigmas or through the scars of the floral leaves or through punctures on the skin. The infection is marked by the presence of a circular saucer‐shaped depression in the skin. Diseased fruits become mummified, hard and woody. The study of the conidial forms of the Glomerella on Carica papaya also shows that Glmosporium and Colletotrichum are one and the same fungus.