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Early Reactions to Frustration: Developmental Trends in Anger, Individual Response Styles, and Caregiving Risk Implications in Infancy
Author(s) -
Kearney Joan A.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
journal of child and adolescent psychiatric nursing
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.331
H-Index - 35
eISSN - 1744-6171
pISSN - 1073-6077
DOI - 10.1111/j.1744-6171.2004.tb00004.x
Subject(s) - socioemotional selectivity theory , anger , psychology , developmental psychology , affect (linguistics) , cognition , frustration , clinical psychology , social psychology , psychiatry , communication
PROBLEM. In an effort to examine early negative emotional response patterns, infant responses to frustration were studied with specific regard to anger. METHODS. Forty infants, 7–9 months (n = 20) and 12–14 months (n = 20) old, were observed in laboratory play situations. Infant affective response as well as maternal behavior were observed. Maternal interviews assessed maternal impressions of infant behavior and affect. FINDINGS. Findings revealed increased displays of anger in older infants, evidence of cognitive‐affective linkages in response, and individual differences in emotional response style and maternal‐infant processes. CONCLUSIONS. Findings relate to the emergence and interplay of negative emotional response, maternal‐infant patterns, and socioemotional risk.