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Water‐Soluble Polysaccharide from Eleutherococcus senticosus Stems Attenuates Fulminant Hepatic Failure Induced by D‐Galactosamine and Lipopolysaccharide in Mice
Author(s) -
Park EunJeon,
Nan JiXing,
Zhao YuZhe,
Lee Sung Hee,
Kim Young Ho,
Nam Jeong Bum,
Lee Jung Joon,
Sohn Dong Hwan
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
basic and clinical pharmacology and toxicology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.805
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 1742-7843
pISSN - 1742-7835
DOI - 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2004.pto940607.x
Subject(s) - lipopolysaccharide , intraperitoneal injection , chemistry , galactosamine , pharmacology , alanine transaminase , polysaccharide , aspartate transaminase , fulminant hepatic failure , transaminase , oral administration , biochemistry , medicine , enzyme , alkaline phosphatase , galactose , transplantation , liver transplantation
The aim of this study was to investigate whether Eleutherococcus senticosus stems could attenuate D‐galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide‐induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice. E. senticosus , known as Siberian ginseng, is a popular folk medicine used as a tonic in Asia. Preparations of E. senticosus used in this study were as follows; (i) 70% ethanol extract (ii) water extract (iii) ethanol‐soluble part of the water extract (iv) polysaccharide obtained as an 80% ethanol insoluble of the water extract. Preparations were given by intraperitoneal (300 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) or oral (300 mg/kg) injection at 12 hr and 1 hr before a D‐galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide injection. The intraperitoneal injection of water extract and polysaccharide significantly lowered serum levels of tumour necrosis factor‐α, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase, improved the histologic changes in liver, inhibited hepatocyte apoptosis confirmed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end‐labeling method and DNA fragmentation assay, and suppressed the lethality induced by D‐galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide. The oral administration of water extract and polysaccharide also reduced serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and tumour necrosis factor‐α levels. In contrast 70% ethanol extract and ethanol‐soluble part of the water extract had no protective effect when treated intraperitoneally or orally. These results indicate E. senticosus stems attenuate fulminant hepatic failure induced by D‐galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide in mice and the protective effect is due to water‐soluble polysaccharides in E. senticosus stems.