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Structure and function of active chromatin and DNase I hypersensitive sites
Author(s) -
Cockerill Peter N.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
the febs journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.981
H-Index - 204
eISSN - 1742-4658
pISSN - 1742-464X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08128.x
Subject(s) - chromatin , dnase i hypersensitive site , hypersensitive site , chia pet , nucleosome , microbiology and biotechnology , chip sequencing , biology , deoxyribonuclease i , dna , genetics , chromatin remodeling , base sequence
Chromatin is by its very nature a repressive environment which restricts the recruitment of transcription factors and acts as a barrier to polymerases. Therefore the complex process of gene activation must operate at two levels. In the first instance, localized chromatin decondensation and nucleosome displacement is required to make DNA accessible. Second, sequence‐specific transcription factors need to recruit chromatin modifiers and remodellers to create a chromatin environment that permits the passage of polymerases. In this review I will discuss the chromatin structural changes that occur at active gene loci and at regulatory elements that exist as DNase I hypersensitive sites.