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Peptides that bind the HIV‐1 integrase and modulate its enzymatic activity – kinetic studies and mode of action
Author(s) -
Levin Aviad,
Benyamini Hadar,
Hayouka Zvi,
Friedler Assaf,
Loyter Abraham
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
the febs journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.981
H-Index - 204
eISSN - 1742-4658
pISSN - 1742-464X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07952.x
Subject(s) - integrase , chemistry , peptide , enzyme , dna , mode of action , biochemistry , stereochemistry , mechanism of action , in vitro
Several peptides that specifically bind the HIV‐1 integrase (IN) and either inhibit or stimulate its enzymatic activity were developed in our laboratories. Kinetic studies using 3′‐end processing and strand‐transfer assays were performed to study the mode of action of these peptides. The effects of the various peptides on the interaction between IN and its substrate DNA were also studied by fluorescence anisotropy. On the basis of our results, we divided these IN‐interacting peptides into three groups: (a) IN‐inhibitory peptides, whose binding to IN decrease its affinity for the substrate DNA – these peptides increased the K m of the IN–DNA interaction, and were thus inhibitory; (b) peptides that slightly increased the K m of the IN–DNA interaction, but in addition modified the V max and K cat values of the IN, and thus stimulated or inhibited IN activity, respectively; and (c) peptides that bound IN but had no effect on its enzymatic activity. We elucidated the approximate binding sites of the peptides in the structure of IN, providing structural insights into their mechanism of action. The IN‐stimulating peptide bound IN in several specific sites that did not bind any of the inhibitory peptides. This may account for its unique activity. Structured digital abstract• MINT‐8053571 , MINT‐8053597 , MINT‐8053615 , MINT‐8053633 , MINT‐8053651 , MINT‐8053669 , MINT‐8053687 , MINT‐8053705 , MINT‐8053723 , MINT‐8053741 , MINT‐8053759 , MINT‐8053777 , MINT‐8053795 , MINT‐8053814 , MINT‐8053836 , MINT‐8053854 , MINT‐8053872 , MINT‐8053890 , MINT‐8053908 , MINT‐8053926 , MINT‐8053944 , MINT‐8053962 , MINT‐8053980 , MINT‐8053998 , MINT‐8054037 , MINT‐8054145 , MINT‐8054163 : IN (uniprotkb: P04585 ) binds ( MI:0407 ) to IN‐alpha5 (uniprotkb: P04585 ) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( MI:0411 ) • MINT‐8053074 , MINT‐8053093 , MINT‐8053115 , MINT‐8053135 , MINT‐8053154 , MINT‐8053173 , MINT‐8053190 , MINT‐8053207 , MINT‐8053224 , MINT‐8053241 , MINT‐8053257 , MINT‐8053273 , MINT‐8053289 , MINT‐8053305 , MINT‐8053321 , MINT‐8053337 , MINT‐8053353 , MINT‐8053370 , MINT‐8053386 , MINT‐8053402 , MINT‐8055897 : IN (uniprotkb: P04585 ) binds ( MI:0407 ) to LEDGF (uniprotkb: O75475 ) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( MI:0411 ) • MINT‐8053418 , MINT‐8053442 , MINT‐8053458 , MINT‐8053474 , MINT‐8053506 , MINT‐8053523 , MINT‐8053539 , MINT‐8053555 : IN (uniprotkb: P04585 ) binds ( MI:0407 ) to Rev (uniprotkb: P69718 ) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( MI:0411 )