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Stage‐specific changes in the levels of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and its receptor in the biological fluid and organ of mouse fetuses
Author(s) -
Matsumoto Akihiro,
Hatta Toshihisa,
Ono Atsuki,
Hashimoto Ryuju,
Otani Hiroki
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
congenital anomalies
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1741-4520
pISSN - 0914-3505
DOI - 10.1111/j.1741-4520.2011.00337.x
Subject(s) - fetus , cerebrospinal fluid , amniotic fluid , granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor receptor , granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor , macrophage colony stimulating factor , endocrinology , medicine , placenta , neuroprotection , biology , haematopoiesis , granulocyte colony stimulating factor , hematopoietic growth factor , receptor , cytokine , andrology , macrophage , pregnancy , stem cell , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry , genetics , chemotherapy , in vitro
Granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) is a hematopoietic cytokine that has neurotrophic and neuroprotective functions. However, its function in the mid‐ to late‐gestational fetus remains unclear. We used enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to analyze GM‐CSF levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum, and amniotic fluid of mouse fetuses. We also examined GM‐CSF and receptor α (GM‐CSFRα) levels in the fetal brain, liver, and placenta. GM‐CSF peaked between embryonic day (E) 14 and E15 in the CSF. GM‐CSF level was higher in the fetal serum than in the dam serum on E13 and decreased thereafter. GM‐CSF and GM‐CSFRα levels peaked between E13 and E15 in the brain. These results suggest that GM‐CSF plays stage‐ and organ‐specific roles in fetal development.