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Effects of Bis‐diamine to Cardiac Mesenchymal Cell Migration of the Chick Embryo
Author(s) -
SUMIDA Hiroshi,
NAKAMURA Harukazu,
MATSUO Tatsuhiro,
YASUDA Mineo
Publication year - 1995
Publication title -
congenital anomalies
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1741-4520
pISSN - 0914-3505
DOI - 10.1111/j.1741-4520.1995.tb00613.x
Subject(s) - mesenchymal stem cell , diamine , embryo , incubation , embryonic heart , atrioventricular cushions , chemistry , embryonic stem cell , andrology , biology , medicine , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry , heart disease , polymer chemistry , gene
Summary Bis‐diamine is a teratogen which induces conotruncal anomalies in rats and chicks. Bis‐diamine induces endocardial cushion defects in rats but it does not induce in chicks. In the present study, we examined effects of bis‐diamine to chick embryonic cardiac mesenchymal cells. Chick embryos of 3 days incubation (E3, H. H. stage 17–28) were treated with 100 μg of bis‐diamine dissolved in 50 μl dimethylsulfoxide. The conotruncal and atrioventricular cushions of the E6 embryos treated with bis‐diamine were cultured with chicken serum. After 48 h of incubation, the culture was fixed with 4% formaldehyde. The area of grown out mesenchymal cells from the transplanted tissue was measured, and then the migration distance of mesenchymal cells was computed from the area. In the group treated with bis‐diamine, the migration distance of conotruncal cushion mesenchymal cells was significantly shorter than that of controls. However, the migration distance of atrioventricular cushion mesenchymal cells was not diminished. By scanning electron microscopy, the superior endocardial cushion of E4.5 or E5 embryos treated with bis‐diamine was slightly hypoplastic compared with the inferior endocardial cushion. In spite of hypoplasia of the superior and inferior endocardial cushions, these cushions fused in E6 embryos treated with bis‐diamine. These results have shown that bis‐diamine affects migration activity of conotruncal cushion mesenchymal cells but it does not severely affect that of the atrioventricular cushion in chicks. This portionally different effect of bis‐diamine can explain that bis‐diamine does not frequently induce endocardial cushion defects in chicks.