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Community Characteristics and Tort Law: The Importance of County Demographic Composition and Inequality to Tort Trial Outcomes
Author(s) -
KohlerHausmann Issa
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
journal of empirical legal studies
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.529
H-Index - 24
eISSN - 1740-1461
pISSN - 1740-1453
DOI - 10.1111/j.1740-1461.2011.01214.x
Subject(s) - plaintiff , tort , damages , odds , poverty , liability , tort reform , economics , inequality , demographic economics , jury , actuarial science , law , business , political science , logistic regression , medicine , mathematical analysis , mathematics
Long‐standing trial folklore holds that those counties with higher proportions of low‐income and minority residents are places where tort plaintiffs are more likely to prevail in establishing the defendant's liability and to recover high damages. Although a handful of empirical legal studies have looked at this question, none have considered the possible role of a community effect of county income inequality. This article tests these propositions with hierarchical linear models of two types of tort trial outcomes—plaintiff success in establishing defendant liability and damage award—using a number of county‐level predictors. The results show that no county‐level variables measuring jury pool demographic composition or income inequality are associated with the odds of plaintiff success. However, both county poverty rate and income inequality are associated with increased levels of expected damages. The final section of this article offers a substantive theoretical discussion of why we might observe a relationship between community characteristics and tort trial outcomes.