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Effects of bamboo charcoal and bamboo vinegar as antibiotic alternatives on growth performance, immune responses and fecal microflora population in fattening pigs
Author(s) -
CHU Gyo Moon,
JUNG Cheol Kyu,
KIM Hoi Yun,
HA Ji Hee,
KIM Jong Hyun,
JUNG Min Seob,
LEE Shin Ja,
SONG Yuno,
IBRAHIM Rashid Ismael Hag,
CHO Jae Hyeon,
LEE Sung Sill,
SONG Young Min
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
animal science journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.606
H-Index - 38
eISSN - 1740-0929
pISSN - 1344-3941
DOI - 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2012.01045.x
Subject(s) - bamboo charcoal , bamboo , feces , biology , zoology , antibiotics , population , food science , anaerobic exercise , microbiology and biotechnology , chemistry , botany , medicine , physiology , environmental health , organic chemistry , fiber
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of bamboo charcoal and bamboo vinegar as alternatives of antibiotics in the diet of fattening pigs and their influence on growth performance, immune responses and fecal microflora populations. Crossed pigs ( n = 144, 79 kg body weight) were divided into 12 heads per pen, four diets and three replications. The basal diet (negative control: NC) was supplemented with 0.3% antibiotics (positive control: PC), 0.3% bamboo charcoal (BC) and 0.3% bamboo vinegar (BV). Average daily weight gain and feed efficiency were higher ( P < 0.05) in PC, BC and BV. The concentration of lactate dehydrogenase and cortisol were lower ( P < 0.05), but the concentration of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA were higher ( P < 0.05) in PC, BC and BV. Counts of coliform bacteria and Salmonella spp. were lower ( P < 0.05), while the counts of fecal anaerobic total bacteria and lactic acid bacteria were higher ( P < 0.05) in PC, BC and BV. A reasonable inclusion of bamboo charcoal or bamboo vinegar as antibiotics in the diet of fattening pigs leads to a better growth performance, immune responses and fecal microflora populations. The results of the present study suggest that bamboo charcoal or bamboo vinegar could be a potential additives in animal production as an alternative to antibiotics.