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Novel polymorphism of the canine dopamine receptor D4 gene intron II region
Author(s) -
NARA Hidetoshi,
INOUEMURAYAMA Miho,
KOSHIMURA Akiko,
SUGIYAMA Akinori,
MURAYAMA Yuichi,
MAEJIMA Masami,
UEDA Yuko,
ITO Hideyuki,
RANDI Ettore,
KIM HeuiSoo,
HA JiHong,
KITAGAWA Hitoshi,
TAKEUCHI Yukari,
MORI Yuji,
IWASAKI Toshiroh,
MORITA Mitsuo,
ÔTA Katuaki,
ITO Shin’ichi
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
animal science journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.606
H-Index - 38
eISSN - 1740-0929
pISSN - 1344-3941
DOI - 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2005.00241.x
Subject(s) - allele , biology , genetics , exon , polymorphism (computer science) , gene , subspecies , breed , allele frequency , intron , zoology
Various dog breeds are remarkably different from each other not only in their sizes and shapes but also in behavioral traits, suggesting that some of these characteristics are under genetic control. However, little is known about genes related to behavioral traits in canine species. In humans, it has been reported that the dopamine receptor D4 gene ( DRD4 ) includes polymorphism at several regions that relate to personality or psychiatric disorders. In an earlier study by the authors of the present study, the polymorphisms in canine DRD4 exon III and exon I regions were reported. In the present study, a novel polymorphism in canine DRD4 intron II was found based on a 17 base pair insertion/deletion, and the two alleles detected were named P (shorter allele) and Q (longer allele). The allelic distribution in 28 breeds of dog, including a total of 1114 unrelated individuals, were then investigated. Both P and Q alleles were detected in most of the breeds investigated; however, the frequencies of P and Q differed greatly between breeds. With respect to classification based on breed origin, P and Q alleles were frequent in Occidental and Oriental breeds, respectively. Furthermore, two subspecies of wolves, the ancestors of dogs, were analyzed for the comparison of allele frequencies with dogs, and the P allele was predominant in both European and Chinese wolves.