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Carbohydrate intake, serum lipids and apolipoprotein E phenotype show association in children
Author(s) -
Ruottinen Soile,
Rönnemaa Tapani,
Niinikoski Harri,
Lagström Hanna,
Saarinen Maiju,
Pahkala Katja,
Kaitosaari Tuuli,
Viikari Jorma,
Simell Olli
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
acta pædiatrica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.772
H-Index - 115
eISSN - 1651-2227
pISSN - 0803-5253
DOI - 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01399.x
Subject(s) - medicine , triglyceride , carbohydrate , endocrinology , apolipoprotein e , apolipoprotein b , cholesterol , blood lipids , body mass index , lipoprotein , polyunsaturated fatty acid , high density lipoprotein , apolipoprotein a1 , fatty acid , biology , biochemistry , disease
Aim: To study the association between carbohydrate intake and serum lipids in children, and influence of apolipoprotein E phenotype (apoE) on the association. Subjects/methods: A total of 644 children from a prospective, randomized atherosclerosis prevention trial (STRIP) participated in this longitudinal study at age 5 (n = 644), 7 (n = 585) and 9 (n = 550) years. ApoE phenotype, fasting triglyceride, total, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations and 4‐day food records were analysed. Results: An increase in the total carbohydrate intake by 1 E% (percentage of total daily energy intake) associated with a decrease in HDL cholesterol by 0.006 mmol/L (p < 0.001) when adjusted for saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid, age, gender, body mass index and STRIP study group. The inverse association between total carbohydrate intake and HDL cholesterol was evident in children with apoE3 (p < 0.001) or apoE4 (p < 0.001), but not in those with apoE2 (p = 0.78). An increase in total carbohydrate intake by 1 E% increased triglycerides by 0.02 mmol/L (p < 0.001) independently of apoE phenotype, while 1 E% increase in sucrose intake increased triglycerides by 0.01 mmol/L (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Carbohydrate intake has a relatively small effect on serum lipids in children. Children with the apoE3 or E4 but not with E2 phenotype show reduction in HDL cholesterol with increasing carbohydrate intake indicating that genetic and environmental factors interact with children’s lipoprotein metabolism.