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Asthma symptoms in early childhood – what happens then?
Author(s) -
Goksör Emma,
Åmark Mainor,
Alm Bernt,
Gustafsson Per M,
Wennergren Göran
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
acta pædiatrica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.772
H-Index - 115
eISSN - 1651-2227
pISSN - 0803-5253
DOI - 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2006.tb02264.x
Subject(s) - medicine , asthma , passive smoking , atopy , allergy , pediatrics , prospective cohort study , cohort study , early childhood , cohort , risk factor , respiratory sounds , immunology , developmental psychology , environmental health , psychology
Aim: To study the outcome in early adulthood for children with early asthma symptoms and to analyse the factors associated with current asthma. Methods: In a prospective study, we have re‐investigated 89/101 children who were hospitalized before the age of two years due to wheezing. The children were investigated using a questionnaire and allergy and bronchial hyper‐responsiveness tests at the age of 17–20 years and compared with age‐matched controls. Results: In the cohort, 43% had had asthma symptoms in the preceding 12 months compared with 15% in the control group. The strongest risk factors for asthma were current allergy, bronchial hyper‐responsiveness and female gender. Female gender and passive smoking in infancy were independent infantile risk factors. In addition to female gender, two pathways led to current asthma: an allergic pathway from family atopy via the development of allergy and another pathway from early passive smoking via hyper‐responsiveness and active smoking. Conclusion: In children with early wheezing disorder, current allergy, bronchial hyper‐responsiveness and female gender were the strongest risk factors for asthma in early adulthood, while female gender and passive smoking in infancy were independent infantile risk factors. The effects of early passive smoking persist longer than previously reported.