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Fifteen year trends in water intake in German children and adolescents: Results of the DONALD Study
Author(s) -
SichertHellert W,
Kersting M,
Manz F
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
acta pædiatrica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.772
H-Index - 115
eISSN - 1651-2227
pISSN - 0803-5253
DOI - 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2001.tb02797.x
Subject(s) - medicine , water intake , anthropometry , food intake , water consumption , zoology , tap water , fluid intake , body weight , demography , pediatrics , biology , environmental engineering , sociology , engineering , waste management
Water intake was evaluated and time trends in water intake and beverage consumption were assessed on the basis of 3 d weighed dietary records ( n = 3736) of 2‐13‐y‐old males ( n = 354) and females ( n = 379) enrolled in the DONALD Study (Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed Study, 1985–1999). Total water intake increased with age from 1114 g d −1 in the 2‐3‐y‐olds to 1363 g d −1 in the 4‐8‐y‐olds and further to 1801 g d −1 (1676 g d −1 ) in the 9‐13‐y‐old boys (girls); 33–38% came from food, 49–55% from beverages and 12–13% from oxidation. Total water intake per body weight decreased with age from 77.5 gkg −1 (boys and girls) to 48.9 and 42.6 gkg −1 in boys and girls, respectively. Milk (9–17%) and mineral water (12–15%) were the most important source of total water intake. In the 15 y period a significant increase in total water intake (+1.7 to +3.2 g Mr −1 y 1 ) in all three age groups irrespective of sex was found. The increase of total water intake was mainly due to an increase in beverage consumption (+0.32 to +0.47% y −1 ). This study offers a differentiated insight into water intake and patterns of beverage consumption in German children and adolescents. Conclusion: The comparison of these data with other surveys points to a low total water intake, especially a low tap water intake, in German children and adolescents and underlines cultural influences on food and drinking habits.