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In vitro effects of growth hormone and other hormones on chondrocytes and osteoblast‐like cells
Author(s) -
Saggese G,
Federico G,
Cinquanta L
Publication year - 1993
Publication title -
acta pædiatrica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.772
H-Index - 115
eISSN - 1651-2227
pISSN - 0803-5253
DOI - 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12930.x
Subject(s) - medicine , endocrinology , parathyroid hormone , chondrocyte , osteoblast , growth factor , beta (programming language) , transforming growth factor beta , in vitro , biology , transforming growth factor , calcium , receptor , biochemistry , computer science , programming language
The influence of growth hormone (GH), insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I), parathyroid hormone(1–34) (PTH(1–34)), 1,25‐dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH),D 3 ) and 17P‐oestradiol on proliferation and on production of cytokines, such as interleukin‐lp (IL‐1β), IL‐6, IL‐8 and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), was studied in chondrocytes obtained from the growing cartilage of the iliac crest and in the osteoblast‐like cell clone SaOS‐2. GH and IGF‐I were mitogenic for chondrocytes and SaOS‐2 cells, as indicated by the dose‐related increase in uptake of [ 3 H]thymidine. PTH(1–34) was also mitogenic, while 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 inhibited the proliferation of both chondrocytes and SaOS‐2 cells in a dose‐dependent manner. 17β‐oestradiol was stimulatory in SaOS‐2 cells, but gave a biphasic pattern in chondrocytes; it was stimulatory at low concentrations (0.1 nmol/1) and inhibitory at supraphysiological doses (10 nmol/l). Using the cDNA polymerase chain reaction, specific mRNAs for IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8 and TGF‐β were found in chondrocytes, while SaOS‐2 cells had a positive signal only for TGF‐β. Specific enzyme immunoassays revealed detectable levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IL‐8 only in chondrocytes. IL‐6 was increased by GH and IGF‐I, and lowered by 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 and supraphysiological doses of 17β‐oestradiol, while PTH(1–34) had no effects. IL‐8 was not influenced by GH or IGF‐I, was slightly but not significantly increased by PTH(1–34) and was reduced by 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 and 17β‐oestradiol at supraphysiological doses. No detectable amounts of TGF‐β were found either in chondrocytes or in SaOS‐2 cells using an enzyme immunoassay specific for TGF‐β 2 ; it is likely that the cells produce TGF‐β in a latent form that needs to be activated. These results show that hormones involved in growth, sexual maturation and calcium metabolism possess in vitro stimulatory or inhibitory effects on cell proliferation. Furthermore, these hormones may regulate certain cytokines that are thought to influence some chondrocyte and osteoblast‐like cell functions, but the roles of these in bone growth need to be further elucidated.