Germplasm enhancement by anther culture in Triticeae

Secondary distant hybrids, such as triticale and trititrigia, crossed with bread wheat, were used for anther culture. The gamete genotypes including recombinants and variants, might be fully expressed to exploit the genetic resources. Chromosome breakage might occur in vitro. Using inbred spring and winter wheat as materials anther culture was carried out. The strains with chromosome structure variation including chromosome deletion, monotelosomics with speltoid spike expressed by q genes, ditelos, and double ditelos were obtained via anther culture. They are trie basic materials for chromosome manipulation. We suspect that some useful alien genes could be transferred into cultivars to create new types, some of which have been characterized using different methods including conventional cytogenetical and chromosome banding technique, and by using biochemical and molecular markers to identify them as alien substitution lines, etc. These results, above mentioned, indicated that anther culture is a good tool for germplasm enhancement.