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Ingredients in dentifrices and their effect on plaque, gingivitis and mutans streptococci
Author(s) -
Jannesson L,
Birkhed D,
Renvert S
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
international journal of dental hygiene
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.674
H-Index - 38
eISSN - 1601-5037
pISSN - 1601-5029
DOI - 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2004.t01-4-00067.x
Subject(s) - xylitol , dentifrice , saliva , gingivitis , dentistry , streptococcus mutans , toothpaste , medicine , dental plaque , food science , triclosan , microbiology and biotechnology , chemistry , fluoride , bacteria , biology , fermentation , pathology , inorganic chemistry , genetics
The main objectives of this thesis were to study: (i) the effect of an enzyme‐containing dentifrice (Zendium Dentine ® ), with addition of xylitol on mutans streptococci (MS) in saliva and dental plaque (Paper I) (ii) the effect of a combination of triclosan and xylitol in a dentifrice (Colgate Total ® ) on MS in saliva and dental plaque (Paper II), and (iii) the effect of oxybenzone on prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 )‐production in cell culture and the effect of an oxybenzone‐containing dentifrice on plaque, gingivitis and MS (Paper III). In Paper I, the subjects were divided into two test groups: one using a 10% xylitol and the other using a 5% xylitol dentifrice for 3 months. The addition of 10% xylitol to Zendium Dentine ® had an inhibitory effect on MS in both saliva and dental plaque, and the effect of xylitol seemed to be dose dependent. In Paper II, three groups were using one of the following dentifrices: (i) Colgate Total ® with addition of 10% xylitol; (ii) Colgate Total ® ; and (iii) Colgate Total ® without triclosan and without xylitol. The results showed that the addition of 10% xylitol to Colgate Total ® reduced the number of MS in saliva and plaque. This effect was more pronounced at 6 months than at 2 months. In Paper III, the effect of oxybenzone was studied in vitro and in vivo . Human Embryo Palatal Mesenchyme (HEPM) cells were used to test the inhibition of IL‐1β‐stimulated PGE 2 production by different concentrations of oxybenzone. The results revealed that there was no decrease of cell viability up to 50 µ m . A dose‐dependent inhibition of stimulated PGE 2 production was found: 50% inhibition (IC 50 ) was found at 0.6 µ m . Paper III also included a double‐blind clinical trial testing two fluoride dentifrices: one with the addition of 0.5% oxybenzone and one without. Plaque index was reduced in both groups. There was no difference between the groups. A 25% reduction in gingival index was observed in the oxybenzone group after 6 weeks, compared to 2% in the placebo group, indicating an anti‐inflammatory effect of oxybenzone.