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Halitosis and periodontal disease in subjects with mental disabilities
Author(s) -
Salvador SL,
Figueiredo LC
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
oral diseases
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.953
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1601-0825
pISSN - 1354-523X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2005.01105_31.x
Subject(s) - treponema denticola , bleeding on probing , medicine , dentistry , bacteroides , porphyromonas gingivalis , tongue , periodontitis , periodontal disease , gingival and periodontal pocket , veillonella , population , anaerobic bacteria , dental plaque , bacteria , biology , pathology , streptococcus , environmental health , genetics
Halitosis has been correlated with the concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) produced in the oral cavity by metabolic activity of bacteria colonizing the periodontal area and the dorsum of the tongue. The aim of this investigation was to study the association among the presence of BANA‐positive species ( Treponema denticola , Bacteroides forsythus , Porphyromonas gingivalis ), periodontal condition and halitosis in subjects with mental disabilities. This population (17–49 years of age) consisted of 17 Down Syndrome (DS) patients, 17 with Mentally Retarded (MR), and 17 mentally health (control group). The VSC in the human mouth was determined by a portable sulfide monitor (Halimeter ® ). Clinical parameters (Plaque Index – PlI, Probing Depth – PD and Bleeding on Probing – BOP) were obtained from six reference teeth (# 3, 8, 14, 19, 24, 30). In the same way, subgingival plaque samples were taken from the same selected teeth and from dorsal surface of the tongue and evaluated by BANA TM Test (BANAMet). The results were analyzed by Mann–Whitney U Test. PlI and BOP were higher in DS patients ( P < 0.01) and PD was similar in DS and health patients ( P > 0.05) but higher than MR. No difference was found among three groups for the presence of BANA‐positive species, however the VSC levels were lower ( P < 0.01) in DS (log1.9 ± 0.2) than in MR (log 2.2 ± 0.3) and health (log 2.2 ± 0.2) patients. Although the presence of anaerobic periodontal infection was similar in all groups the VSC levels were lower in Down syndrome patients.