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In vitro models for oral malodor
Author(s) -
Greenman J,
Spencer P,
Mckenzie C,
Saad S
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
oral diseases
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.953
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1601-0825
pISSN - 1354-523X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2005.01105_14.x
Subject(s) - computer science , oral cavity , representation (politics) , conceptual model , biofilm , biological system , biochemical engineering , model system , process (computing) , consistency (knowledge bases) , artificial intelligence , biology , dentistry , medicine , engineering , database , politics , political science , bacteria , law , genetics , operating system
We start with a description of what we mean by a model and introduce the idea of using different types of model to answer different types of questions. A model is a representation of some real phenomena and contains aspects or elements of the real system to be modelled. The model reflects (or duplicates) the type of behaviour (or mechanisms) seen in the real system. The main characteristic of any model is the mapping of elements or parameters found in the system being studied (e.g. tongue dorsum biofilm in situ ) on to the model being devised (e.g. laboratory perfusion biofilm). Such parameters include correct physico‐chemical (abiotic) conditions as well as biotic conditions that occur in both model and reality. The main purpose of a model is to provide information that better explains the processes observed or thought to occur in the real system. Such models can be abstract (mental, conceptual, theoretical, mathematical or computational) or ‘physical’ e.g. in the form of a real disaggregated in vitro system or laboratory model. A wide range of different model systems have been used in oral biofilm research. These will be briefly reviewed with special emphasis on those models that have contributed most to knowledge in breath odour research. The different model systems used in breath odour research will be compared with each other regarding their advantages, disadvantages and main applications. Finally, the requirements for developing an overall ‘bad breath model’ from considering the processes as a whole (real oral cavity; substrates in saliva;, biotransformation; odour gases in the breath) and extending this to the detection of malodour by the human nose (and all stages in between) will be outlined and discussed.