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The Myxovirus‐Resistance Protein, MX 1, is a Component of Exosomes Secreted by Uterine Epithelial Cells
Author(s) -
Racicot Karen,
Schmitt Anthony,
Ott Troy
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
american journal of reproductive immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.071
H-Index - 97
eISSN - 1600-0897
pISSN - 1046-7408
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2012.01109.x
Subject(s) - microvesicles , exosome , cd63 , secretion , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , western blot , ceramide , blot , proteases , microrna , endocrinology , biochemistry , apoptosis , gene , enzyme
Problem Dairy cattle suffer from high percentages of early embryonic loss, and therefore, it is critical to study the function of the uterus at this time. We hypothesize that the antiviral protein, myxovirus resistance ( MX )1, regulates secretion in uterine glandular cells during early pregnancy. Method of Study Uterine epithelial cells were used to study uterine function, in vitro . Sucrose gradients, W estern blotting, and transmission electron microscopy were used to isolate and identify exosomes. Immunofluorescence and ceramide inhibitors were used for the characterization of exosomes. Results Myxovirus resistance 1 was associated with exosomes and protected from proteases, indicating it was inside exosomes. MX 1 partially colocalized with exosomal protein CD 63, and a ceramide inhibitor reduced numbers of MX 1‐associated exosomes. Conclusion This study is the first to characterize MX 1‐associated exosomes, and we postulate that MX 1 regulates secretion in epithelial cells by playing a role in exosome formation or trafficking.