Premium
Cytokines Regulate Matrix Metalloproteinases in Human Uterine Endometrial Fibroblast Cells Through a Mechanism That Does Not Involve Increases in Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer
Author(s) -
Braundmeier Andrea G.,
Nowak Romana A.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
american journal of reproductive immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.071
H-Index - 97
eISSN - 1600-0897
pISSN - 1046-7408
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2006.00418.x
Subject(s) - matrix metalloproteinase , extracellular matrix , endometriosis , endometrium , endocrinology , medicine , tumor necrosis factor alpha , cytokine , fibroblast , biology , tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase , transforming growth factor , cancer research , microbiology and biotechnology , cell culture , genetics
Problem Endometriosis is the presence of ectopic uterine endometrial tissue in the peritoneal cavity. Peritoneal fluid samples of women with endometriosis show elevated interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) β , tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐ α and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐ β 1 levels, indicating that an altered immune system may play an important role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. The invasion of ectopic endometrium into peritoneal mesothelium requires matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) for tissue remodeling. Several MMPs are differentially expressed in human uterine endometrium with menstrual endometrium showing the highest level of expression. MMPs are stimulated by cytokines and also by the protein Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer (EMMPRIN). Method of Study To determine the role of cytokines in ectopic endometrial invasion, we investigated whether cytokines could regulate MMP production by endometrial fibroblast cells and whether this stimulation occurred through an effect on EMMPRIN expression. Human uterine fibroblasts (HUF) were treated with IL‐1 β , TGF‐ β 1 and TNF‐ α in a dose dependent and time dependent manner (C, 0.1, 1, 10 ng/mL IL‐1 β or TGF‐ β 1 ; C, 2, 10, 50 ng/mL TNF‐ α ) for 0, 6, 12, and 24 hr. Cell conditioned medium samples were collected and concentrated at each timepoint for immunoblot analysis. Cellular RNA was collected for real time PCR analysis of MMPs‐1, ‐2, ‐3 and EMMPRIN mRNA levels. Results Our results showed that IL‐1 β stimulated MMP‐1 protein secretion and mRNA levels in a time dependent manner ( P < 0.05), MMP‐2 mRNA in a time dependent manner and MMP‐3 in a time and dose dependent manner. TNF‐ α stimulated MMP‐1 and ‐3 protein secretion in a time dependent manner and stimulated MMP‐1, ‐2 and ‐3 mRNA levels in a time dependent manner ( P < 0.05). Neither IL‐1 β nor TNF‐ α treatment affected MMP‐2 protein secretion. TGF‐ β 1 inhibited MMP‐1 and MMP‐2 mRNAs at the highest treatment dose after 24 hr but there was no effect on protein secretion. TGF‐ β 1 exerted no effect on MMP‐3 mRNA or protein secretion ( P < 0.05). Neither of the cytokines affected EMMPRIN protein or mRNA levels but the 10 ng/mL TGF‐ β 1 treatment did cause a reduction in EMMPRIN mRNA levels. Conclusions These data show that elevated cytokines may play a role in the establishment of ectopic endometrium in the peritoneal cavity by stimulating MMPs to remodel the mesothelial lining of the peritoneum thus allowing for tissue invasion. The stimulation of MMPs by cytokines occurred without any change in EMMPRIN expression whereas the inhibitory effect of TGF‐ β 1 involved a reduction in EMMPRIN mRNA levels.