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Granulocyte Macrophage‐Colony Stimulating Factor Production by Autologous Endometrial Co‐Culture Is Associated with Outcome for In Vitro Fertilization Patients with a History of Multiple Implantation Failures
Author(s) -
Spandorfer S.D.,
Barmat L.I.,
Liu H.C.,
Mele C.,
Veeck L.,
Rosenwaks Z.
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
american journal of reproductive immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.071
H-Index - 97
eISSN - 1600-0897
pISSN - 1046-7408
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1998.tb00069.x
Subject(s) - granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor , endometrium , in vitro fertilisation , andrology , granulocyte , embryo , in vitro , colony stimulating factor , pregnancy , endocrinology , medicine , embryo transfer , macrophage , biology , immunology , cytokine , stem cell , haematopoiesis , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry , genetics
PROBLEM: To determine whether granulocyte macrophage (GM)‐colony stimulating factor (CSF) produced by autologous endometrial co‐culture was associated with outcome in 53 patients with a history of multiple in vitro fertilization failures. METHOD OF STUDY: The conditioned media from endometrial co‐culture cells exposed or non‐exposed to human embryos was analyzed for GM‐CSF. RESULTS: Exposure or non‐exposure to an embryo did not result in an enhancement of GM‐CSF production. Insignificant levels of GM‐CSF were determined from media alone. ROC analysis revealed that levels of GM‐CSF from supernatants of endometrial co‐culture exposed to embryos that measured below 130 pg/ml reflected a diminished prognosis (5/17 had a positive pregnancy vs. 21/36 with GM‐CSF levels greater than 130 pg/ml; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The improved outcome associated with GM‐CSF values greater than 130 pg/ml may reflect: 1) a direct positive effect of GM‐CSF; 2) an embryotrophic factor upregulated by GM‐CSF; or, 3) that GM‐CSF functions as a marker for the importance of the glandular component in endometrial co‐culture systems.