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CD9 Clustering and Formation of Microvilli Zippers Between Contacting Cells Regulates Virus‐Induced Cell Fusion
Author(s) -
Singethan Katrin,
Müller Nora,
Schubert Sabine,
Lüttge Doreen,
Krementsov Dimitry N.,
Khurana Sandhya R.,
Krohne Georg,
SchneiderSchaulies Sibylle,
Thali Markus,
SchneiderSchaulies Jürgen
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
traffic
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.677
H-Index - 130
eISSN - 1600-0854
pISSN - 1398-9219
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2008.00737.x
Subject(s) - tetraspanin , cd81 , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , cell fusion , lipid bilayer fusion , cell , fusion protein , virus , virology , biochemistry , gene , hepatitis c virus , recombinant dna
Members of the tetraspanin family including CD9 contribute to the structural organization and plasticity of the plasma membrane. K41, a CD9‐specific monoclonal antibody, inhibits the release of HIV‐1 and canine distemper virus (CDV)‐ but not measles virus (MV)‐induced cell–cell fusion. We now report that K41, which recognizes a conformational epitope on the large extracellular loop of CD9, induces rapid relocation and clustering of CD9 in net‐like structures at cell–cell contact areas. High‐resolution analyses revealed that CD9 clustering is accompanied by the formation of microvilli that protrude from either side of adjacent cell surfaces, thus forming structures like microvilli zippers. While the cellular CD9‐associated proteins β 1 ‐integrin and EWI‐F were co‐clustered with CD9 at cell–cell interfaces, viral proteins in infected cells were differentially affected. MV envelope proteins were detected within CD9 clusters, whereas CDV proteins were excluded from CD9 clusters. Thus, the tetraspanin CD9 can regulate cell–cell fusion by controlling the access of the fusion machinery to cell contact areas.