Open AccessInfluence of surface charge of gold nanorods on skin penetration
Author(s) -
Lee Onseok,
Jeong Sang Hoon,
Shin Won Ung,
Lee Gunwoo,
Oh Chilhwan,
Son Sang Wook
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
skin research and technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.521
H-Index - 69
eISSN - 1600-0846
pISSN - 0909-752X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2012.00656.x
Subject(s) - penetration (warfare) , stratum corneum , nanorod , transmission electron microscopy , chemistry , surface charge , nanoparticle , electron microscope , human skin , colloidal gold , materials science , analytical chemistry (journal) , biophysics , nanotechnology , chromatography , pathology , medicine , physics , optics , operations research , biology , engineering , genetics
Background/purpose The skin plays an important role as a protective barrier against toxic environments and also is a route of drug administration. In spite of evidence for and interest in the skin penetration of nanoparticles, no study has examined the effect of nanoparticle surface charge on percutaneous absorption. In this study, we investigated the effect of surface charges of gold nanorods ( GN s) on skin penetration. Methods Using transmission electron microscopy ( TEM ) and image analysis, we quantitatively measured the ability of GN s to penetrate the skin. Results Our results showed that the area density of the electron‐dense dots of GN s, which penetrated into the stratum corneum, significantly increased for negatively charged GN s compared to those with a positive charge ( P < 0.01). To investigate the percutanoues absorption of charged GN s, in vitro skin permeation studies were carried out using a Franz‐type diffusion cell ( FDC ). The penetration of GN s through the skin was quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Consistent with TEM observations, our penetration study using an FDC also revealed that negative particles were frequently detected in samples of receptor fluid at 48 h after exposure ( P < 0.01). Conclusion Together our results showed that anionic GN s penetrate skin better than cationic GN s.