Open AccessA novel method to investigate the relationship between facial movements and wrinkle formation using particle image velocimetry
Author(s) -
Fujimura Tsutomu,
Hotta Mitsuyuki
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
skin research and technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.521
H-Index - 69
eISSN - 1600-0846
pISSN - 0909-752X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2011.00607.x
Subject(s) - wrinkle , particle image velocimetry , particle tracking velocimetry , particle (ecology) , computer vision , artificial intelligence , computer science , materials science , geology , mechanics , physics , composite material , turbulence , oceanography
Background The possible relationship between the direction of wrinkles and the movement of facial skin has not previously been reported. Therefore, we characterized that relationship using particle image velocimetry ( PIV ) analysis. Method Twenty‐one healthy Japanese women aged in their 20s ( n = 7) or 50s ( n = 14) were recruited for this study. Moving images of facial skin motions (closing the eyes tightly, raising the eyebrows) were captured using a single infrared camera under infrared ray irradiation of the skin. PIV analysis was then carried out using Flow‐Vec32 ™ software to determine the velocity and the direction of skin surface movements. Results All skin movements caused by those motions were finished within 0.20 s. During the motion of closing the eyes, skin at the eye periphery did not move in a superior–inferior direction, but did move toward the center of the eye (pupilla) with complex flows. There was no significant difference between either age group of subjects. During the motion of raising the eyebrows, the forehead skin moved upwards (direction to parietal) with relatively uniform flows. The velocity of movement at the top was lower than at the bottom, and that difference is likely to cause a deformation on the skin surface. A significant difference between the two age groups in the velocity was observed. Conclusion The results show that the deformation of older skin on the forehead is greater than that in younger skin. The PIV analysis method is a useful tool to investigate some aspects of the relationship between facial skin movements and wrinkle formation.