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Effects of Toll‐like receptor 4 on Porphyromonas gingivalis ‐induced bone loss in mice
Author(s) -
Costalonga M.,
Batas L.,
Reich B. J.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
journal of periodontal research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.31
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1600-0765
pISSN - 0022-3484
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01152.x
Subject(s) - porphyromonas gingivalis , toll like receptor , lipopolysaccharide , immunology , receptor , dental alveolus , bone marrow , c57bl/6 , knockout mouse , periodontitis , biology , chemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , immune system , innate immune system , medicine , dentistry
Background and Objective: Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR‐4)/myeloid differentiation protein‐2 complex ligation by lipopolysaccharide induces production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and co‐stimulatory molecules on antigen presenting cells. The aim of this study was to determine the role of the TLR‐4 in bone loss‐resistant C57BL mice and in bone loss‐susceptible BALB/c mice after infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis . Material and Methods: The BALB/c and C57BL/10 mice, either normal or TLR‐4 deficient, were infected or sham‐infected orally four times, at 4 day intervals, with 10 9 colony forming units of P. gingivalis . At 47 days, defleshed jaws were stained and photographed in a standardized position. We measured the surface area of the root trunk to assess the alveolar bone loss. Results: Porphyromonas gingivalis ‐infected wild‐type BALB/c mice lost 13.8% more bone than P. gingivalis ‐infected wild‐type C57BL/10 mice. In contrast, P. gingivalis ‐infected TLR‐4‐deficient C57BL/10 mice lost 12.7% more bone than P. gingivalis ‐infected TLR‐4‐deficient BALB/c mice. Porphyromonas gingivalis ‐infected wild‐type C57BL/6 and TLR‐2 knockout C57BL/6 mice had similar bone levels to sham‐infected control mice. Conclusion: Toll‐like receptor 4 is protective for C57BL/10 but detrimental to BALB/c mice, since its absence allowed C57BL/10 but not BALB/c mice to lose alveolar bone. Toll‐like receptor 2 does not contribute to this protection in genetically similar C57BL/6 mice.