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A trend of increase in periodontal interleukin‐6 expression across patients with neither diabetes nor periodontal disease, patients with periodontal disease alone, and patients with both diseases
Author(s) -
Cole C. M.,
Sundararaj K. P.,
Leite R. S.,
Nareika A.,
Slate E. H.,
Sanders J. J.,
LopesVirella M. F.,
Huang Y.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
journal of periodontal research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.31
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1600-0765
pISSN - 0022-3484
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01082.x
Subject(s) - periodontal disease , medicine , diabetes mellitus , disease , dentistry , immunology , endocrinology
Background and Objective: Epidemiological studies have established that patients with diabetes have increased prevalence and severity of periodontal disease. However, the periodontal expression of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in diabetic patients has not been well characterized. The objective of this study was to determine the difference in the periodontal expression of MMP‐1, MMP‐8, interleukin‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐1β between diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Material and Methods: Periodontal tissue specimens were collected from nine nondiabetic patients without periodontal disease (group 1), from 11 nondiabetic patients with periodontal disease (group 2) and from seven diabetic patients with periodontal disease (group 3). The expression of MMP‐1, MMP‐8, interleukin‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐1β was quantified using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test showed that the difference in interleukin‐6 expression among the groups was statistically significant ( p = 0.04). Furthermore, the generalized Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric linear‐by‐linear association test showed a statistically significant trend of increase in the expression of interleukin‐6 from group 1 to group 2 to group 3 ( p = 0.02) and a suggestion of such a trend for MMP‐1 ( p = 0.05). No increase in MMP‐8 expression was observed in patients in group 3 compared to patients in groups 1 and 2. Although the average expression levels of MMP‐1, interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α were increased from group 1 to group 3, the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: A trend of increased interleukin‐6 expression in periodontal tissues was observed across patients with neither diabetes nor periodontal disease, patients with periodontal disease alone, and patients with both diseases.