Premium
Areca nut extract represses migration and differentiation while activating matrix metalloproteinase‐9 of normal gingival epithelial cells
Author(s) -
Tseng YH,
Chang KW,
Liu CJ,
Lin CY,
Yang SC,
Lin SC
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
journal of periodontal research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.31
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1600-0765
pISSN - 0022-3484
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2007.01035.x
Subject(s) - areca , viability assay , matrix metalloproteinase , betel , cell , chemistry , nut , biochemistry , structural engineering , engineering
Background and Objective: Areca (betel) chewing is associated with an increase in the incidence of periodontal diseases. Aberrations in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression have been reported to be associated with periodontal disease. This study investigated the effects of areca nut extract on MMP activity and the phenotype of human gingival epithelial cells. Material and Methods: Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and gelatin zymography were used to assay MMPs. Cell viability, mobility and detachment assays were performed to characterize the phenotypic impact. Confocal microscopy was employed to evaluate cell aggregation and the distribution of E‐cadherin and F‐actin. Results: Treatment of gingival epithelial cells with 10 µg/mL of areca nut extract reduced its cell viability. Treatment with 5 and 10 µg/mL of areca nut extract for 24 h activated MMP‐9 but not MMP‐2 in gingival epithelial cells. This activation could be nuclear factor‐κB dependent and was abrogated by 10 µ m curcumin. Areca nut extract also reduced the migration and detachment of gingival epithelial cells. The differentiated cell–cell contact of gingival epithelial cells was markedly impaired by areca nut extract. This was accompanied by a disruption of distribution of E‐cadherin and F‐actin. Conclusion: The areca nut extract‐mediated activation of MMP‐9 in gingival epithelial cells could signify a potential periodontal pathogenesis in areca chewers. The areca nut extract‐mediated inhibition of cell viability and migration, together with the changed aggregation in gingival epithelial cells, suggests that impairment of the re‐epithelization underlies the process and this, in turn, might exacerbate gingival inflammation.