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Periodontal ligament stresses in the initiation of occlusal traumatism
Author(s) -
Reinhardt Richard A.,
Pao Y. C.,
Krejci Robert F.
Publication year - 1984
Publication title -
journal of periodontal research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.31
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1600-0765
pISSN - 0022-3484
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1984.tb00815.x
Subject(s) - periodontal fiber , dental alveolus , dentistry , ligament , maxillary central incisor , alveolar crest , alveolar process , orthodontics , lesion , materials science , medicine , anatomy , pathology
Mechanical stresses in the periodontal ligament which help initiate the lesion of occlusal trauma have been difficult to evaluate. The purpose of this study was to use a mathematical system (finite element analysis) to calculate principal periodontal ligament stresses in primary and secondary occlusal trauma. Maxillary central incisors were modeled in periodontal tissues representing four levels of bone support. Models were partitioned and subjected to three simulated functional loads. Stresses were calculated at multiple nodes in the periodontal ligament adjacent to root and bone. Results showed areas of greatest compressive stress near the alveolar crest and in the apical one‐half of the root for all loads at all bone levels. Stress curves correlated well with the histologic lesion of occlusal trauma. Centric contact loads (P 3 ) consistently produced less ligament stress than protrusive contact (P 1 ). Reduction of alveolar bone height had little effect on the degree of periodontal ligament stress until six millimeters (60%) of bone support had been lost. Finite element analysis provides a convenient model for the study of the mechanical component of occlusal traumatism.