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Influence of periodontal intervention therapy on risk of cardiovascular disease
Author(s) -
Ying Ouyang Xiang,
Mei Xiao Wen,
Chu Yi,
Ying Zhou Shuang
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
periodontology 2000
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.725
H-Index - 122
eISSN - 1600-0757
pISSN - 0906-6713
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2010.00368.x
Subject(s) - medicine , periodontology , periodontal disease , citation , intervention (counseling) , library science , traditional medicine , dentistry , psychiatry , computer science
Cardiovascular disease and periodontal disease are both chronic inflammatory diseases. Numerous cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiological studies have provided evidence that there is an association between periodontitis and elevated risk for cardiovascular disease (1, 4, 5, 9, 10, 33, 34, 39, 56, 78, 100, 124). Some of these studies have shown that periodontitis is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease even after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular factors such as age, gender, smoking, obesity and blood lipids. In addition, experimental evidence has shown that periodontopathogenic bacteria, mainly Porphyromonas gingivalis, play a role in atherogenesis (18, 21, 32, 46, 52, 70, 72, 121). A number of systematic reviews and meta-analyses have described the relationship between periodontal infection and cardiovascular disease, and have suggested that periodontitis may contribute to cardiovascular disease and stroke in susceptible subjects (8, 62, 67, 82, 88, 97). Periodontitis shares a number of common risk factors with cardiovascular disease, such as age, male gender, socio-educational status, and, most importantly, smoking. Therefore the question arises as to what the nature of the association between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease is. Does it arise because of interaction between confounding factors such as smoking, or is it causal in nature? The answers are unclear at present. Recent studies have focused on the systemic effect of periodontal intervention on surrogate indicators of cardiovascular disease, such as serum markers of inflammation, serum lipid levels, measurements of endothelial function and haemostatic factors. If the association between periodontal infection and cardiovascular disease is causal, effective periodontal treatment should lead to improvement of systemic inflammation load, lipid profiles and endothelial function. Thus successful periodontal treatment could lower the risk of cardiovascular events or even prevent onset and progression of the disease. This review focuses on the influence of periodontal intervention treatment on the risk factors for cardiovascular disease.