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Tin‐containing fluoride solutions as anti‐erosive agents in enamel: an in vitro tin‐uptake, tissue‐loss, and scanning electron micrograph study
Author(s) -
Schlueter Nadine,
Hardt Martin,
Lussi Adrian,
Engelmann Frank,
Klimek Joachim,
Ganss Carolina
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
european journal of oral sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.802
H-Index - 93
eISSN - 1600-0722
pISSN - 0909-8836
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2009.00647.x
Subject(s) - tin , demineralization , enamel paint , fluoride , scanning electron microscope , chemistry , citric acid , nuclear chemistry , materials science , metallurgy , inorganic chemistry , dentistry , biochemistry , composite material , medicine
Tin‐containing fluoride solutions can reduce erosive tissue loss, but the effects of the reaction between tin and enamel are still not clear. During a 10‐d period, enamel specimens were cyclically demineralized (0.05 M citric acid, pH 2.3, 6 × 5 min d −1 ) and remineralized (between the demineralization cycles and overnight). In the negative‐control group, no further treatment was performed. Three groups were treated (2 × 2 min d −1 ) with tin‐containing fluoride solutions (400, 1,400 or 2,100 ppm Sn 2+ , all 1,500 ppm F − , pH 4.5). Three additional groups were treated with test solutions twice daily, but without demineralization. Tissue loss was determined profilometrically. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy was used to measure the tin content on and within three layers (10 μm each) beneath the surface. In addition, scanning electron microscopy was conducted. All test preparations significantly reduced tissue loss. Deposition of tin on surfaces was higher without erosion than with erosion, but no incorporation of tin into enamel was found without demineralization. Under erosive conditions, both highly concentrated solutions led to the incorporation of tin up to a depth of 20 μm; the less‐concentrated solution led to small amounts of tin in the outer 10 μm. The efficacy of tin‐containing solutions seems to depend mainly on the incorporation of tin into enamel.