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Smoking modulates interferon‐ γ expression in the gingival tissue of patients with chronic periodontitis
Author(s) -
CésarNeto João B.,
Duarte Poliana M.,
De Oliveira Maria Claudia G.,
Casati Márcio Z.,
Tambeli Claudia H.,
Parada Carlos A.,
Sallum Enilson A.,
Nociti Francisco H.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
european journal of oral sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.802
H-Index - 93
eISSN - 1600-0722
pISSN - 0909-8836
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2006.00397.x
Subject(s) - periodontium , medicine , chronic periodontitis , periodontitis , bleeding on probing , dentistry , interferon gamma , cytokine , gastroenterology
Although interferon‐ γ (IFN‐ γ ) plays a critical role in periodontitis, no information is available regarding the effect of smoking on this cytokine in the periodontium. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of smoking on the IFN‐ γ levels in gingival tissue from patients with chronic periodontitis. Sixty‐two patients were assigned to three groups: healthy [non‐smoking and periodontally healthy individuals (probing depth ≤ 3 mm and no bleeding on probing; n = 12)]; periodontitis [non‐smokers clinically diagnosed with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis (probing depth ≥ 5 mm and bleeding on probing; n = 25)]; and smoking [smokers (≥ 1 pack/day for at least 10 yr) diagnosed with chronic periodontitis ( n = 25)]. Gingival biopsies were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Regardless of smoking status, diseased patients presented higher levels of IFN‐ γ than peridontally healthy patients. In sites with comparable types of periodontitis, smoking increased both protein and mRNA levels of IFN‐ γ in gingival tissue. Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that modulation of periodontal tissue destruction by smoking may involve its effect on IFN‐ γ production.