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The effect of enamel matrix derivative on gene expression in osteoblasts
Author(s) -
Reseland Janne E.,
Reppe Sjur,
Larsen Aileen M.,
Berner Heidi S.,
Reinholt Finn P.,
Gautvik Kaare M.,
Slaby Ivan,
Lyngstadaas S. Petter
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
european journal of oral sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.802
H-Index - 93
eISSN - 1600-0722
pISSN - 0909-8836
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2006.00333.x
Subject(s) - enamel matrix derivative , chemistry , osteoblast , osteocalcin , microbiology and biotechnology , amelogenin , alkaline phosphatase , bone remodeling , gene expression , stimulation , osteoclast , endocrinology , medicine , in vitro , gene , biology , biochemistry , regeneration (biology) , enzyme
Observations that amelogenins, in the form of enamel matrix derivative (EMD), have a stimulatory effect on mesenchymal cells and tissues, and on the regeneration of alveolar bone, justified investigations into the effect of EMD on bone‐forming cells. The binding and uptake of EMD in primary osteoblastic cells was characterized, and the effect of EMD on osteoblast gene expression, protein secretion, and mineralization was compared with the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Although no specific receptor(s) has yet been identified, EMD appeared to be taken up by osteoblasts through clathrin‐coated pits via the interaction with clathrin adaptor protein complex AP‐2, the major mechanism of cargo sorting into coated pits in mammalian cells. EMD had a positive effect on factors involved in mineralization in vitro , causing an increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the medium as well an as increased expression of osteocalcin and collagen type 1. Several hundred genes are regulated by EMD in primary human osteoblasts. There appear to be similarities between the effects of EMD and PTH on human osteoblasts. The expression pattern of several mRNAs and proteins upon EMD stimulation also indicates a secondary osteoclast stimulatory effect, suggesting that the osteogenic effect of EMD in vivo , at least partly, involves stimulation of bone remodelling.