Expression profile of the S100 gene family members in oral squamous cell carcinomas

Background:  Several of the S100 gene members have been reported to be differentially expressed in many human pathological conditions, in particular, the malignancies. Identification and quantification of the differentially expressed S100 gene members in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) might facilitate their use as potential diagnostic and/or prognostic markers or targets for therapy. Methods:  we examined the expression profile of 16 members of the S100 gene family at the mRNA level by semiquantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (sRT‐PCR) in 27 cases of OSCCs/their pair‐wised normal controls obtained from Sudanese patients, and confirmed the sRT‐PCR results by performing quantitative real time‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) for 6 of the 16 genes examined. Results:  With sRT‐PCR, 4 (25%; S100A4, S100A6, S100A8, S100A14) out of the 16 S100 gene members examined were found to be significantly down‐regulated ( P  < 0.05) in the tumors compared to the normal controls. None of the S100 gene members examined were found to be significantly up‐regulated in the tumors. qRT‐PCR results confirmed the significant down‐regulation of the S100A4, S100A6, and S100A14 genes in the tumors examined. Conclusion:  S100 gene family members might play an important role in the pathogenesis of the OSCCs examined. Findings of the present work warrant in‐depth studies of the S100 gene family members, in particular, the S100A4, S100A6, S100A8, and S100A14 to further understand their possible role(s) in OSCC tumorigenesis.