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Risk factors for oral hairy leukoplakia in HIV‐infected adults of Brazil
Author(s) -
Moura Mariela Dutra Gontijo,
Grossmann Soraya de Mattos Camargo,
Fonseca Linaena Méricy da Silva,
Senna Maria Inês Barreiros,
Mesquita Ricardo Alves
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
journal of oral pathology and medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.887
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1600-0714
pISSN - 0904-2512
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2006.00428.x
Subject(s) - medicine , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , dermatology , premalignant lesion , leukoplakia , risk factor , sida , viral disease , dentistry , virology , pathology , cancer
Background: Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) may be an indicator of the progression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)‐induced immuno‐depression, and the evaluation of risk factors leading to OHL is important in the management of these HIV‐infected patients. However, there are few studies that analyze risk factors leading to OHL in the Brazilian population. The aim of this case–control study is to present data about prevalence rates and risk factors leading to OHL in a sample of HIV‐infected adults in Brazil. Methods: This case–control study included 111 HIV‐infected patients treated at a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases and HIV. In the initial examinations with dentists, variables were collected from all patients. Diagnosis of OHL was performed in accordance with the International Classification System and cytological features. The Fisher and the chi‐squared tests were used for statistical analysis. The proportional prevalence and odds ratio were estimated. Results: Outcome presented a positive, statistically significant association among the presence of OHL and viral load of 3000 copies/ μ l or greater ( P = 0.0001; odds ratio (OR) = 5.8), presence of oral candidiasis ( P = 0.0000; OR = 11.1), previous use of fluconazole ( P = 0.0000; OR = 24.6), and use of systemic acyclovir ( P = 0.032; OR = 4.3). Antiretroviral medication presented a negative, statistically significant association with the presence of OHL ( P = 0.002; OR = 8.4). Conclusions: Prevalence of OHL was 28.8%. Viral load, oral candidiasis, previous use of fluconazole, and systemic acyclovir were determined to be risk factors for OHL. Antiretroviral medication proved to be protective against the development of OHL.